Comparison of Effect of Hirudo， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Their Combinations on Renal Fibrosis in Rats with Chronic Renal Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Hirudo， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and drug pair on renal pathological morphology and protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A）/adenylate activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signal pathway in rats with chronic renal failure （CRF）. MethodThe 55 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=11） and a modeling group （n=44）. The normal group was fed conventionally， and the modeling group was given 0.25 g·kg-1·d-1 adenine by gavage for 28 days to replicate the CRF model. After successful modeling， rats were randomly divided into model group， Hirudo group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， and Hirudo + Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， with 9 rats in each group. The normal group and model group were given a constant volume of normal saline by intragastric administration for 30 days. At the end of the experiment， the levels of serum creatinine （SCr） and urea nitrogen （BUN） in all groups were measured. The renal pathological morphology changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and electron microscopy. The mRNA expressions of PP2A， AMPK， and mTOR were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of PP2A， AMPK， phosphorylation（p）-AMPK， mTOR， and p-mTOR in renal tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the renal pathological structure changes were obvious， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly increased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression were significantly increased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the renal pathological morphology changes were significantly improved， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression in the renal tissue were significantly decreased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly increased （P<0.05） in all groups after drug intervention. In addition， the effect in the Hirudo+Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group was better. The mRNA expression levels of AMPK and mTOR in the renal tissue were not significantly different among the normal group， model group， and other groups. ConclusionThe efficacy of Hirudo and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma pairs in improving renal fibrosis in rats with CRF is significantly better than that of the single drug， and its improvement on renal fibrosis in rats with CRF may be related to the regulation of PP2A/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Risk prediction of acute kidney injury in paraquat poisoning patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To establish a risk prediction model of acute kidney injury in paraquat (PQ) poisoning patients.Methods:A retrospective observational cohort of adult patients with acute PQ poisoning between September 10, 2010 and January 16, 2020 from the Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University were conducted. Data on demographics, clinical records, and laboratory results were collected from electronic medical record. The patients were divided into the AKI group and the non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred during hospitalization. The patients were randomly divided into the training and validation groups (7:3). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors of AKI and the nomogram was used to establish a prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the differentiation and calibration of the prediction model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical validity of the prediction model.Results:A total of 718 patients were included in this study. AKI occurred in 323 (45%) patients in hospital and 378 (52.6%) patients died. The mortality rate of the AKI group was higher than that of the non-AKI group (72.8% vs. 36.2%, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the time from poisoning to treatment ( OR=1.018, 95% CI:1.006-1.030), white blood cell count ( OR=1.128, 95% CI: 1.084-1.173), aspartate aminotransferase ( OR=1.017, 95% CI:1.006-1.027), cystatin C ( OR=516.753, 95% CI: 99.337-2688.172), and PQ concentration ( OR=1.064, 95% CI:1.044-1.085) in blood on admission were independent risk factors of AKI in patients with PQ poisoning ( P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve was 0.943 (95% CI: 0.923-0.962) in the training cohort, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.4% and 93.6%, respectively. The calibration curve showed optimal agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation. Decision curve and clinical impact curve analysis indicated that the nomogram conferred high clinical net benefit. Conclusions:The time from poisoning to treatment, white blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase, cystatin C, and PQ concentration in blood on admission were independent risk factors of AKI. The predictive model based on the above indicators has high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating AKI after PQ poisoning. Whether this prediction model can be applied to other PQ poisoning patients needs to be further expanded for verification.

Loss of KDM4B impairs osteogenic differentiation of OMSCs and promotes oral bone aging / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Aging of craniofacial skeleton significantly impairs the repair and regeneration of trauma-induced bony defects, and complicates dental treatment outcomes. Age-related alveolar bone loss could be attributed to decreased progenitor pool through senescence, imbalance in bone metabolism and bone-fat ratio. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from oral bones (OMSCs) have distinct lineage propensities and characteristics compared to MSCs from long bones, and are more suited for craniofacial regeneration. However, the effect of epigenetic modifications regulating OMSC differentiation and senescence in aging has not yet been investigated. In this study, we found that the histone demethylase KDM4B plays an essential role in regulating the osteogenesis of OMSCs and oral bone aging. Loss of KDM4B in OMSCs leads to inhibition of osteogenesis. Moreover, KDM4B loss promoted adipogenesis and OMSC senescence which further impairs bone-fat balance in the mandible. Together, our data suggest that KDM4B may underpin the molecular mechanisms of OMSC fate determination and alveolar bone homeostasis in skeletal aging, and present as a promising therapeutic target for addressing craniofacial skeletal defects associated with age-related deteriorations.

Comparative study on volatile oil in Rhizoma chuanxiong by steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction / 药学实践杂志

Objective To clarify the influence of the extraction process on its active ingredients by comparing the volatile oils of Rhizoma Chuanxiong obtained under different processes. Methods The volatile oil of Rhizoma Chuanxiong was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE) and steam distillation. The main chemical components and relative contents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results A total of 18 common components were identified in the volatile oil samples of Chuanxiong from the two methods. In steam distillation samples, main components included phthalides (61%), monoterpenoids (25%) and sesquiterpenes (10%). In SFE samples, phthalides (97%) were major components, followed by monoterpenoids (1%),sesquiterpenes (0.4%) and other minor components. Conclusion The steam distillation retains highly volatile components in Rhizoma chuanxiong such as monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes. For SFE approach, the phthalides were extracted more efficiently compared with other components. The effect of the extraction process on the active ingredients should be fully considered in obtained products of Rhizoma chuanxiong since the difference in constituents may result in varied effects.

Platelet count as a novel potential predictor of periprosthetic joint infection / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Obtaining synovial fluid for diagnostic test of periprosthetic joint infection is invasive and painful to patients. Platelet count is a regular blood test which has been used as a possible predictor of several infectious diseases. Presumably, it could be one of the indicators of periprosthetic joint infection. OBJECTIVE: To identify the accuracies of platelet combined with white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. METHODS: Patients undergoing revision arthroplasty from March 2013 to December 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were retrospectively enrolled. A diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection was confirmed in 77 patients according to the criterions from the Musculoskeletal Infection Society; the remaining 137 patients were confirmed as aseptic cases. White blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or C-reactive protein and platelet count were compared between the two groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The platelet values were significantly increased in periprosthetic joint infection cases. Sensitivity and specificity of the platelet for periprosthetic joint infection were 64.94％ and 86.13％, respectively. Platelet demonstrated a higher accuracy when compared to erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. In such cases, the platelet shows a certain reference value in confirming the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. Platelet was enough used as adjunct diagnostic tool in patients suspected with periprosthetic joint infection.

Analysis of post-marketing safety monitoring of split influenza virus vaccine based on large samples / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the safety of a Chinese thimerosal-free trivalent split influenza virus vaccine after being marketed in a large population. Methods Through the information management system of adverse event following immunization (AEFI), the adverse events in healthy people aged 6 months and above who were vaccinated with split influenza virus vaccine in Hubei Province from October to December 2015 were collected. The data was analyzed by descriptive methodology. Results From October 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, among the 227 920 people in Hubei Province who were vaccinated with split influenza virus vaccine, the common adverse reactions were mainly fever, redness, irritability, pain and itching. Four cases of AEFI were passively observed and reported in the system, with a reporting rate of 1.76/100 000, among which 3 cases were anaphylactic rash and 1 case was optic neuritis. Conclusion The Chinese thimerosal-free trivalent split influenza virus vaccine used in Hubei Province had a good safety record and is suitable for the general vaccination of people without vaccination contraindications.

Effects of adenosine stress on left ventricular myocardial strain mechanics in healthy rabbits / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of myocardial strain mechanics in healthy rabbits in the physiological condition by using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) combined with adenosine stress.Methods:Twenty healthy rabbits underwent STE both at rest and during adenosine stress. The dynamic original images of 3 consecutive cardiac cycles of the standard views from the left ventricular (LV) short axis and apical long axis were acquired and analyzed by the Echo PAC workstation. The procedure was performed to obtain LV global longitudinal peak strain, global circumferential peak strain, and global radial peak strain both at rest and during adenosine stress.Results:There were no significant differences in heart rate and LV structural and functional parameters between baseline and adenosine stress ( P>0.05). After adenosine stress, LV global longitudinal peak strain and global circumferential peak strain increased significantly when compared with those at rest ( P<0.001), while LV global radial peak strain did not change significantly( P>0.05). Conclusions:Adenosine stress echocardiography combined with STE can be used to evaluate the characteristics of myocardial strain mechanics in rabbits in the physiological condition. This research provides reference value for the application of adenosine stress echocardiography in rabbit models with cardiovascular disease in future.

Pelvic MRI combined with TRUS-guided transperineal template mapping biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To assess the clinical value and safety of pelvic MRI combined with transurethral ultrasound (TRUS)-guided transperineal template mapping biopsy (TTMB) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.@*METHODS@#A total of 164 men underwent MRI plus TRUS-guided TTMB for the diagnosis of prostate cancer from December 2015 to May 2018. The patients averaged 71.2 years of age and, based on the PSA level, were divided into four groups: PSA 100 μg/L (n = 27). All the patients received digital rectal examination, pelvic MRI and TRUS-guided X+12-core TTMB.@*RESULTS@#The procedures of TRUS-guided TTMB were successfully completed in all the patients, with an average number of 14.2 (14－16) cores and mean operation time of 18 (15－28) minutes. Post-biopsy complications included transient hematuria in 4 cases, perineal hematoma in 12 and fever in 1, but no acute urinary retention. Pathological results revealed 95 cases of prostate cancer, 2 cases of ductal epithelial carcinoma, 63 cases of prostatic hyperplasia with benign interstitial inflammation, and 4 cases of atypical prostatic hyperplasia. The positive biopsy rates in the PSA 100 μg/L groups were 25.00%, 42.86%, 73.58% and 100.00% respectively, with statistically significant difference between the PSA 100 μg/L groups (P < 0.01), but not between the PSA <10 μg/L and PSA 10－20 μg/L groups (P = 0.086).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pelvic MRI combined with TRUS-guided X+12-core TTMB, with the advantages of high accuracy and low rate of complications, is an ideal approach to the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Detection of occult fibroids in myomectomy / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Uterine fibroids(leiomyomas or myomas)are extremely common benign neoplasms of the uterus.Myomectomy is a conservative surgical method,including laparotomy,laparoscopy and vaginal surgery and so on.The uterine-sparing intervention may lead to recurrence after surgery.The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss how to detect occult fibroids in myomectomy so as to improve the treatment effect of myomectomy and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Impact of 21-Gene Recurrence Score on Chemotherapy Decision in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast with Nodal Micrometastases / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 21-gene recurrence score (RS) on predicting prognosis and chemotherapy decision in node micrometastases (N1mi) breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with stage T1-2N1mi and estrogen receptor-positive IDC diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were included. The associations of 21-gene RS with breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), chemotherapy decision, and benefit of chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 4,758 patients including 1,403 patients (29.5%) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. In the traditional RS cutoffs, 2,831 (59.5%), 1,634 (34.3%), and 293 (6.2%) patients were in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk RS groups, respectively. In 3,853 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status available, most patients were HER2-negative disease (98.3%). A higher RS was independently related to chemotherapy receipt, and 14.0%, 47.7%, and 77.8% of patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk RS groups received chemotherapy, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that a higher RS was related to worse BCSS (p < 0.001). The 5-year BCSS rates were 99.3%, 97.4%, and 91.9% in patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk RS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). However, chemotherapy receipt did not correlate with better BCSS in low-, intermediate-, or high-risk RS groups. There were similar trends using Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment RS cutoffs. CONCLUSION: The 21-gene RS does predict outcome and impact on chemotherapy decision of N1mi breast IDC. Large cohort and long-term outcomes studies are needed to identify the effects of chemotherapy in N1mi patients by different 21-gene RS groups.

Safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine (split virion) in humans / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion influenza vac-cine after its manufacturing process was improved. Methods The immunological non-inferiority of trial to control vaccines was evaluated in 240 subjects aged 3-<18 years. Another 360 subjects aged 18-<60 years were randomly divided into three groups that were respectively given three consecutive lots of trail vaccine to assess the consistency of immunogenicity. Results There were 4. 17% of the subjects aged 3-<18 years showed adverse reactions following immunization with trail vaccine and it was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0. 05). No significant difference in seroconversion rate, geometric mean titer (GMT) of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies(HIAb) or protection rate was found between trial and control groups (P>0. 05). No significant difference in seroconversion rate or HIAb GMT was found among the three lots (P>0. 05). Conclusion The trial influenza vaccine has good safety, immunogenicity and lot-to-lot consistency after the manufacturing process was improved.

Effect of different surface treatments on the crystal structure and properties of zirconia / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of 3 surface different treatments on the crystal structure, shear bond strength,roughness value and flexural strength of zirconia.@*METHODS@#The zirconia specimens were prepared and randomly divided into 4 groups and received the following treatments: (1) blank control group,the specimens without treatments; (2)sandblasting with alumina group, sandblasting the specimens with 110 μm alumina particles for 21 s as working pressure 0.25 MPa and working distance 10 mm; (3)laser etching group, coating the surface of the specimens with graphite powder and using Er:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser to irradiate the surface 30 s; (4) hot-etching group, putting the specimens in a closed reactor within a 1:1 mixture of 40% (mass traction) nitric acid and 68%(mass traction) hydrofluoric acid liquid, the reaction of 30 min in a water bath at 100 degrees centigrade. The changes of crystal structure, shear bond strength(SBS) and flexural strength of zirconia after different surface treatments were tested.@*RESULTS@#The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) patterns showed that the volume percentage of monoclinic phase of the 4 groups was 0.91%, 12.50%, 6.64% and 17.81% respectively. The roughness value for the four groups were as follows: blank control group,(0.29±0.01) μm; sandblasting with alumina group, (1.05±0.11) μ m; laser etching group, (0.73±0.04) μm; hot-etching group, (1.31±0.06) μm, respectively(P<0.05). Mean SBS was (7.09±0.46) MPa in blank control group, (12.14±1.51) MPa in sandblasting with alumina group, (8.82±0.74) MPa in laser etching group and (11.97±0.99) MPa in hot-etching group. There was no statistically significant difference between sandblasting with alumina group and hot-etching group (P>0.05), but the difference between the other groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Mean three-point bending was (933.70±44.13) MPa in blank control group, (850.95±60.66) MPa in sandblasting with alumina group, (771.53±68.08) MPa in laser etching group and (766.27±57.49) MPa in hot-etching group. There was no statistically significant difference between sandblasting with alumina group and hot-etching group (P>0.05), but the difference between the other groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#After different surface treatments, the surface of zirconia has changed from tetrago-nal to monoclinic phases in varying degrees. In addition, surface treatments could improve the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement, and also lead to a decrease in the flexural strength of zirconia.

Treating ISR after PCI by LIU Zhong-yong from Turbidity Syndrome / 中国中医药信息杂志

It is a thorny problem of modern medicine that the in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Combining with the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM, Professor LIU Zhong-yong believes that the root cause of ISR after PCI is the deficiency syndrome: menstruation gradually dying up, the heart yang qi deficiency; and the direct cause is excess syndrome: endogenous turbidity syndrome, heart vessel blockage. The cause for the formation of turbidity syndrome is cold, phlegm, blood stasis, poison, and dampness. Depending on the clinical manifestations, five kinds of syndromes were divided: cold turbidity stagnation, phlegm turbidity resistance, blood stasis blockage veins, poison turbidity, and dampness turbidity resistance. Professor LIU Zhong-yong also proposed relevant treatment for both symptoms and root causes, which provided new ideas and experience in the integrated TCM and Western medicine for ISR after PCI.

Association study on interaction effects of CREB1 gene and BDNF gene polymorphisms and recurrent major depressive disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the interactions between cAMP-response element-binding protein 1 (CREB 1) gene polymorphisms (rs889895,rs3770704,rs2551645,rs4675690) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms (rs7124442,rs 10835210) and the association with recurrent major depressive disorder.Methods The blood samples were taken from 768 recurrent major depressive disorder patients and 511 healthy controls.The DNA was isolated from blood samples and was detected by SNP Sequenom Mass Array analysis.Chi-square test was used to compare differences in the frequency distribution of alleles and genotype between depression and controls.The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method was used to analyze the gene-gene interaction.Binary logistic regression was used to verify the optimal model.Results After adjusting the factors of sex and age,the GMDR analysis showed rs10835210 was the optimal model.In this model,the testing balanced accuracy was 0.5319 and cross-validation consistency value was 10/10.And rs10835210 had a statistically significant effect on the risk of recurrent major depressive disorder(P=0.0107).There was no significant gene-gene interaction of five tag SNPs on recurrent major depressive disorder(P＞0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed the AC contributed to a significantly lower risk of recurrent major depressive disorder than did the CC (OR =0.772,95％ CI=0.608-0.980,P=0.033).It was failed to find the genetic polymorphism of CREB1 rs889895.Conclusion BDNF rs10835210 may be one of the biological markers of recurrent major depressive disorder.

Releasing aqueous humor of anterior chamber to treat early elevated lOP after lCL implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

To explore the effect of releasing aqueous humor of anterior chamber through lateral incision of cornea in treating early elevated intraocular pressure ( lOP ) after implantation of implantable collamer lens ( lCL) .METHODS: Patients with elevated lOP were analyzed after lCL implantation. When the lOP>25mmHg, aqueous humor was released slowly through lateral incision of cornea, and made the lOP reduce to 10 ~13mmHg. After operation, lOP was measured every 2h. The releasing of aqueous humor was repeated until the lOP was decreased to normal.RESULTS: One hundred sixty - seven patients ( 330 eyes) were implanted lCL, while the lOP of 32 patients (62 eyes) was higher than 25mmHg after lCL implantation. Viscoelastic material was found in aqueous humor of most of high lOP patients, and the lOP of 48 eyes did not increase again through releasing aqueous humor once. The lOP of all these eyes was decreased to normal through releasing aqueous humor in 3 times at most. There were no abnormal in postoperative follow-up.CONCLUSlON:The main reason of early elevated lOP after lCL implantation is the remaining of viscoelastic material of eyes. Releasing aqueous humor through lateral incision of cornea can decrease lOP effectively. lt is a simple, safe, painless and repetition, which the patients are willing to accept.

Histone methyltransferases and demethylases: regulators in balancing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by their self-renewing capacity and differentiation potential into multiple tissues. Thus, management of the differentiation capacities of MSCs is important for MSC-based regenerative medicine, such as craniofacial bone regeneration, and in new treatments for metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. In recent years, histone modification has been a growing topic in the field of MSC lineage specification, in which the Su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax (SET) domain-containing family and the Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing family represent the major histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), respectively. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms by which SET domain-containing KMTs and JmjC domain-containing KDMs balance the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.

Study on in vivo pharmacokinetics of cucurbitacin injection in rats / 中国中药杂志

To establish a method for the determination of cucurbitacin in plasma samples, in order to study the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats. Rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin. With diphenhydramine as the internal standard (IS), the plasma concentrations of cucurbitacin in rat plasma at different time points were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). With electrospray ionization source, the positive ion detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was conducted to determine the ion-pairs for target compound and IS were m/z 503.2/113.1 and m/z 256.0/167.2, respectively. Agilent ZOBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) was adopted and eluted with methanol and 0.1% formic acid (55:45), and the flow rate was 0.2 mL x min(-1). DAS 2.0 software was applied to fit the blood concentration and calculate corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters. The rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin at the concentration of 3.0 mg x kg(-1). The target blood quality concentration show good linear relations within the range of 10.5-3 150 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.996), the lower limit of the standard curve was 10.5 microg x L(-1), and the signal to noise ratio S/N = 12. Intra- and inter-day precisions RSD was less than 6.9% and 14%, respectively; The accuracy RE ranged between 0.20% and 3.7%; The extraction recoveries ranged between 92.7% and 97.1%. Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of tail intravenous injection of cucurbitacin, AUC (0-t) was (811.615 +/- 111.578) microg x h x L(-1), (t1/2) was (1.285 +/- 1.390) h, CL was (3.627 +/- 0.487) L x h x kg(-1), and V(d) was (6.721 +/- 7.429) L x kg(-1). In this study, researchers established a simple, accurate, sensitive and highly specific method for determining the blood concentration of cucurbitacin, and reported the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats for the first time.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin in rat plasma after intravenous administration of each monomer and Ciwujia injection / 中国中药杂志

To compare the pharmacokinetics of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin after intravenous administration of each monomer and Ciwujia injection. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intravenously administrated with syringin, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, and Ciwujia injection, respectively. The concentrations of the three components in rat plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters while the SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between each monomer and the injection on the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, CL and t1,/2. Compared with the injection, the group treated with the syringin has obvious decrease in AUC, and increase in CL while the group treated with eleutheroside E has obvious increase in AUC, and decrease in CL The t1/2 of isofraxidin was prolonged in Ciwujia injection. Pharmacokinetic characters of the ingredients in the injection varied greatly from the monomer. Other constituents in the injection may have an impact on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these three components.

Meta analysis of Orem self-care mode on well-being among patients with schizophrenia / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the effect of Orem self‐care mode on sense of well‐being in patients with schizophrenia by Me‐ta analysis .Methods The databases of CBM ,VIP ,CNKI and Wan Fang Data were searched .All randomized controlled trials(RCT ) about Orem self‐care mode for patients about sense of well‐being were included .Data collection and literature review were per‐formed by two reviewers independently .The RevMan 5 .2 software was taken for analysis .Results Three literatures were includ‐ed .All these articles were regarded as low quality ,and only one article′s score of methodological quality are more than three .The Meta analysis showed there were significant differences between the Orem self‐care mode group and the normal nursing mode group in sense of well‐being .Besides the scores of the Orem self‐care mode group are higher(MD = 16 .29 ,95% CI(14 .54 - 18 .05) ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The Orem self‐care mode is better than normal nursing for sense of well‐being in patients .However ,trials are only three ,and most trials included in the review are of low quality .So large scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm the result .

Endostar combined with pemetrexed for first-line treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma in elderly patients / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:A study was conducted to observe and compare the efficacy and safety of endostar combined with peme-trexed in elderly patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods:Sixty advanced lung adenocarcinoma (ⅢB-Ⅳ) patients who never received any therapy were included. The patients were divided into two groups. One group comprised endostar treatment com-bined with pemetrexed (26 cases of males, 15 cases of females, and 11 cases of individuals aged 65 years old to 78 years old), and the other group comprised pemetrexed only (34 cases of males, 20 cases of female, and 14 cases of individuals aged 65 years old to 78 years old). The two groups were treated for 4 to 6 cycles, and evaluation of treatments was performed every two cycles. Results:The endostar group was re-treated for 80 cycles, and the average cycle was 3.1. The group without endostar was re-treated for 115 cycles. The short-term effects are as follows. The total effective rates (RRs) in the experimental and control groups were 23.1%and 14.7%, re-spectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). For pleural effusion, RR and DCR were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion: Endostar combined with pemetrexed showed increase in total efficiency in elderly patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and malignant pleural effusion was controlled without increasing the toxicity of chemotherapy. MVD can be used as a predictor of Endostar application.